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First, a little bit of background. The study of language is often divided into two areas: applied linguistics and theoretical linguistics. Modern applied linguistics looks at how languages are used in a diverse range of contexts, while theoretical linguists focus more on the formal structures and rules that languages have in common. This difference can be traced back to Ferdinand de Saussure’s distinction between the langue (the linguistic system) and parole (individual speech). Applied linguistics is a subset of applied psychology, or the application of psychological principles to real-world situations. Theoretical linguistics, in turn, is subdivided into three areas: sound structure (phonetics and phonology), meaning/semantics, and syntax. The study of meaning in language is often referred to as semantics, while the study of how words are combined to produce meaningful units is called syntax. In Spanish, a language with a very strict word order compared to English, the word syntax has nothing to do with grammar or sentence structure. This confusion occurs in English as well. Linguistics, which is the study of language itself, uses the word syntax for the study of language structure. Grammar, on the other hand, refers to observed patterns of word order in spoken or written language. Lara Rios chose to use syntax as opposed to grammar because her project aimed at exploring formal linguistic features while leaving semantic features aside. This is probably why she chose a corpus consisting of news broadcasts over a corpus made up of personal email messages.Three factors influenced Lara Rios' choice in selecting Spanish as the target language:With this in mind, Lara Rios' project aimed at using formal linguistic factors to predict how well a news story will be received by its audience. An effective news story should be easy to understand and use language that will not alienate the audience. Lara Rios wanted to find out how formal linguistic factors influence the effectiveness of a news story and she chose to use a corpus of news stories broadcast on RTVE, the Spanish public television channel. The study was inspired by Aylett's (1991) work on effective storytelling. Aylett aimed at predicting how well a short story would be received by an audience by looking at formal linguistic factors such as lexical variety and sentence structure, while Lara Rios aimed at doing this with news stories. By looking at formal linguistic, Aylett and Lara Rios both used language as a tool to achieve their goals. The study was conducted among the professors of two different Spanish universities, Complutense of Madrid and Antonio de Nebrija of León. There were 105 participants in total: 45 professors from Complutense and 60 from Antonio de Nebrija. All participants were randomly assigned to one of the following groups: short news stories (n=34), long news stories (n=33) or sports stories (n=30). cfa1e77820
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